Serum levels of macrophages migration inhibitory factor in patients with coetaneous warts

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

DERMATOLOGY, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine , sohag university

Abstract

Background
Coetaneous warts are benign papillomas of the skin of which common warts and plantar warts are the most common types. Up to one third of primary school children have coetaneous warts. Warts are caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV)
Objective
to investigate the serum levels of MIF in patients with coetaneous wartsfrom the outpatient clinic of the Dermatology and Venereology Department, Nag- Hamady general hospital during the period from 1-1-2015 to 1-1- 2016
Results
This study  included 50 patients with clinical evidence of different types of coetaneous warts and 20 healthy control participants. In this study, there was a statistically significant difference between serum levels of MIF in the patients and controll subject  p value= 0.02). The serum levels of MIF were lower in the patients than control subjects
Conclusion
It is study concluded that there was statistically significant low serum levels of MIF in patients with different types of coetaneous warts compared with healthy participants

  1. van Haalen FM, Bruggink SC, Gussekloo J, Assendelft WJ and Eekhof JA. Warts in primary schoolchildren: prevalence and relation with environmental factors. Br J Dermatol. 2009; 161:148–52.
  2. Bruggink SC, Waagmeester SC, Gussekloo J, Assendelft WJ and  Eekhof JA. Current choices in the treatment of cutaneous warts: a survey among Dutch GP. Fam Pract. 2010; 27:549–53.
  3. Rijkaart DC, Berkhof J, Rozendaal L, van Kemenade FJ, Bulkmans NW and Heideman DA. Human papillomavirus testing for the detection of high- grade  cervical  intraepithelial  neoplasia  and  cancer:  final  results  of  the POBASCAM randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012, 13:78-88.
  4. Eckert L. O., Watts D. H., Koutsky L. A., Hawes S. E., Stevens C. E., uypersJ and Kiviat N. B. A matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus DNA, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gyneco. (1999); 7:158–164.
  5.  Pazyar  N, Feily A and Yaghoobi R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as an incriminating agent in dermatological disorders. Indian J Dermatol 2013
  6.  Stosic-Grujicic S, Stojanovic I and Nicoletti F. MIF in autoimmunity and novel therapeutic approaches. Autoimmun Rev 2009; 8: 244-249.
  7.  Chouhy D, Bolatti EM, Piccirilli G, Sánchez A, Fernandez Bussy R and Giri AA. "Identification of human papillomavirus type 156, the prototype of a new human gammapapillomavirus species, by a generic and highly sensitive PCR strategy for long DNA fragments". J. Gen. Virol. 2013; 94: 524–33.
  8.  Lynch MD, Cliffe J and Morris-Jones R. Management of cutaneous viral warts. BMJ. 2014 :27; 348.
  9. Palefsky J. M., Holly E. A., Ralston M. L and Jay N. Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection of the anal canal in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative homosexual men. J. Infect. Dis. 1998; 177:361–367.
  10. Sun X. W., Kuhn L., Ellerbrock T. V., Chiasson M. A., Bush T. J and Wright T. C. Jr. Human papillomavirus infection in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1997; 337:1343–1349.

 11. George M. and Vaughan J. In vitro cell migration as a model for delayed    hypersensitivity. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1962; 111: 514-21.

12. Calendra T and Bucala R. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): a glucocorticoid counter- regulator within the immune system, Critical Reviews in Immunology. 1997; 17: 77–88.

13. Schober A, Bernhagen J and Bernhagen J. ―Stabilization of therosclerotic plaques by blockade of macrophage migration inhibitory factor after vascular injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice Circulation.  2004 ; 109:380–385.

14. Gregory J. L., Morand E. F., McKeown SJ, Ralph JA, Hall P and  Yang YH.  ―Macrophage  migration  inhibitory  factor  induces macrophage recruitment via CC chemokine ligand 2,‖ Journal of   Immunology. 2006; 77: 8072–8079.

15. Nishihira J, Ishibashi T and  Fukushima T . Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): Its potential role in tumor growth and tumor- associated angiogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003; 995: 171-2.

16. Calandra  T,  Bernhagen  J,  Metz  C.  N,  Spiegel  L.  A,  Bacher  M andDonnelly T.   MIF as a glucocor-ticoid-induced modulator of cytokine production. Nature.  1995; 377, 68–71.

17. Bucala  R  and  Donnelly  SC.  Macrophage  migration  inhibitory  factor:  a probable link between inflammation and cancer. Immunity. 2007; 26: 281-5.

18. Abe R, Peng T, Sailors J, Bucala R and MetzCN . Regulation of the CTL response by macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Journal of Immunology.2001; 166:747–753.