Capnography refers to the non-invasive measurement of CO2 levels in exhaled breath, typically plotted as CO2 concentration over time. The CO2 waveform, also known as a capnogram, visually represents the connection between CO2 concentration and time. While variations in end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2), the maximum CO2 concentration at the conclusion of each tidal breath, may be used to assess the severity of an illness and the effectiveness of a therapy, changes in the structure of the capnogram can be used to diagnose specific disorders. CO2 monitors use either the mainstream or sidestream settings to assess gas concentration or partial pressure. Mainstream devices measure CO2 directly from the airway, with the sensor positioned on the airway adapter at the center of the endotracheal tube (ETT). The sidestream devices act by taking a little sample of exhaled breath via a nasal or nasal-oral cannula and sending it via tubing to a sensor inside the monitor, Capnography is the most conclusive proof that an endotracheal tube is properly positioned within the trachea after a successful intubation.
Ismail, H., & el boraie, M. (2025). Carbon Dioxide monitoring (capnography). Sohag Medical Journal, 29(3), 1-11. doi: 10.21608/smj.2025.381038.1561
MLA
Hesham Gamal Ali Ismail; mohamed shaban el boraie. "Carbon Dioxide monitoring (capnography)", Sohag Medical Journal, 29, 3, 2025, 1-11. doi: 10.21608/smj.2025.381038.1561
HARVARD
Ismail, H., el boraie, M. (2025). 'Carbon Dioxide monitoring (capnography)', Sohag Medical Journal, 29(3), pp. 1-11. doi: 10.21608/smj.2025.381038.1561
VANCOUVER
Ismail, H., el boraie, M. Carbon Dioxide monitoring (capnography). Sohag Medical Journal, 2025; 29(3): 1-11. doi: 10.21608/smj.2025.381038.1561
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