Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Physiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag university
2
dermatology department, faculty of medicine, Sohag university
3
physiology department faculty of medicine sohag university
Abstract
Proteins called hepatocytes are made by liver cells and are released into the bloodstream to act as hormones throughout the body. Some of them include Adropin, ANGPTL4, Fetuin-A, Fetuin-B, FGF-21, Hepassocin, LECT2, RBP4, Selenoprotein P, and Sex hormone-binding globulin. They are involved in the control of metabolic illnesses such as diabetes and fatty liver. Hepatokines can affect metabolic processes by way of endocrine signaling, autocrine, and paracrine. When there is pressure on the metabolism, such as during prolonged fasting or overnutrition, the liver may release hepatocytes to affect energy homeostasis and inflammation. The accompanying disease, such as fatty liver disease, arises from "impaired hepatic insulin-sensitizing substance production" if the liver is unable to complete this procedure. These proteins regulate how fat and glucose are metabolized in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver. Additionally, hepatocytes may act as mediators or biomarkers of training-induced improvements in metabolism, hence mediating the positive benefits of prolonged exercise. Through their modulation of endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory cell infiltration into artery walls, hepatocytes have a direct impact on the course of atherosclerosis. Hepatokines are prospective therapeutic targets for metabolic illnesses and can function as biomarkers. Hepatokines secreted in response to physical activity cause advantageous metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle, fat, and blood vessels that can lower the risk of metabolic disorders.
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