Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Options

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology , Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University.

2 Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University.

3 Sohag Cancer Center, Sohag, Egypt.

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasm of the liver and a significant cause of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Aim of this review is to summarize the new methods of diagnosis and therapeutic options.

References

  1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005): Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin; 55: 74-108.
  2. Parkin DM (2006): The global health burden of infection-associated cancers in the year 2002. Int J Cancer; 118: 3030-44.
  3. Hall AJ, Wild CP (2003): Liver cancer in low and middle income countries. BM.; 326: 994-5.
  4. Parkin DM, Sitas F, Chirenje M, Stein L, Abratt R, Wabinga H (2008): Part I: cancer in indigenous Africans-burden, distribution, and trends. Lancet Oncol; 9: 683-92.
  5. Poustchi H, Sepanlou S, Esmaili S, Mehrabi N, Ansarymoghadam A (2010): Hepatocellular carcinoma in the world and the middle East. Middle East J Dig Dis; 2(1): 31-41
  6. Parikh S, Hyman D (2007): Hepatocellular cancer: a guide for the internist. Am J Med; 120: 194-202.
  7. Liu CJ, Kao JH (2007): Hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and pathogenic role of viral factors. J Chin Med Assoc; 70: 141-5.
  8. Trevisani F, D'Intino PE, Caraceni P, Pizzo M, Stefanini GF, Mazziotti A, Grazi GL, Gozzetti G, Gasbarrini G, Bernardi M (1995): Etiologic factors and clinical presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic Italian patients. Cancer; 75(9): 2220-32.
  9. Qin S (2012): Primary Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Expert Panel of the Chinese Ministry of Health. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer (2011 edition). Chin Clin Oncol; 1: 10.
  10. Wright LM, Kreikemeier JT, Fimmel CJ (2007): A concise review of serum markers for hepatocellular cancer. Cancer Detect Prev; 31: 35-44.
  11. Sawada Y, Yoshikawa T, Nobuoka D, Shirakawa H, Kuronuma T, Motomura Y, Mizuno S, Ishii H, Nakachi K, Konishi M, Nakagohri T, Takahashi S, Gotohda N, Takayama T, Yamao K, Uesaka K, Furuse J, Kinoshita T, Nakatsura T (2012): Phase I trial of a glypican-3- derived peptide vaccine for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: immunologic evidence and potential for improving overall survival. Clin Cancer Res; 18: 3686-96.
  12. Giannelli G, Fransvea E, Trerotoli P, Beaugrand M, Marinosci F, Lupo L, Nkontchou G, Dentico P, Antonaci S (2007): Clinical validation of combined serological biomarkers for improved hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis in 961 patients. Clin Chim Acta; 383: 147-5
  13. Giannelli G, Marinosci F, Trerotoli P, Volpe A, Quaranta M, Dentico P, Antonaci S (2005): SCCA antigen combined with alphafetoprotein as serologic markers of HCC. Int J Cancer; 117: 506-9.
  14. Kladney RD, Cui X, Bulla GA, Brunt EM, Fimmel CJ (2002): Expression of GP73, a resident Golgi membrane protein, in viral and nonviral liver disease. Hepatology; 35: 1431-40.
  15. Chau GY, Lui WY, Chi CW, Chau YP, Li AF, Kao HL, Wu CW (2008): Significance of serum hepatocyte growth factor levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatic resection. Eur J Surg Oncol; 34: 333-8.
  16. Gomaa AI, Khan SA, Leen EL, Waked I, Taylor-Robinson SD (2009): Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol; 15: 1301-14.
  17. Yu SC, Yeung DT, So NM (2004): Imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Radiol; 59: 145-56.
  18. Bruix J, Sherman M (2011): Management of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Hepatology; 53: 1020-2.
  19. Yu NC, Chaudhari V, Raman SS, Lassman C, Tong MJ, Busuttil RW, Lu DS (2011): CT and MRI improve detection of hepatocellular carcinoma, compared with ultrasound alone, in patients with cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol; 9: 161-7.
  20. Attwa MH, El-Etreby SA (2015): Guide for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Hepatol; 7(12): 1632-51.
  21. Kienle GS, Kiene H (2010): Influence of Viscum album L (European Mistletoe) extracts on quality of life in cancer patients: a systematic review of controlled clinical studies. Integr Cancer Therap; 9(2):142-57.

 

 

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics