Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is a growing hazard through its effects on metabolism. Orexin is involved in the regulation of both sleep and metabolism. Work on orexin receptors may explain the mechanisms of some hazardous effects of SD. Aim: To test the role of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R)blocker, SB-334867 in changes of triglycerides and cholesterol metabolisminduced by SD. Method: 72 adult albino rats arranged in 4 equal groups: control, SD, SD-OX1R blocked &SD-DMSO groups. The 3 SD groups are subjected to 8 days of paradoxical SD using the modified multiple platform method. The OX1R blocked group was injected intraperitoneallydaily with a single dose (3 mg/kg/day) of SB-334867 dissolved in 2 ml DMSO and diluted 1:1000. The SD-DMSO group was injected by 2 ml of DMSO diluted 1:1000. Triglycerides and cholesterol levels were measured. Results: Blood triglyceride levels dropped in all groups subjected to SD after the 1stday while the blood cholesterol level dropped in all groups subjected to SD at the 7th or 8th day. In SD-OX1R blocked group showed less drop in blood triglycerides than the other SD groups but the statistically non-significant change in cholesterol level. Conclusion: SD leads to earlier and more drop-in blood triglyceridesthan the drop in cholesterol levels. This can be explained by high metabolism during SD with dependence on triglyceride more than cholesterol. OX1R blocker partially reduces the drop of triglyceride, not cholesterol level indicating that orexin may be involved in the control of triglyceride metabolism but not cholesterol.
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with multisystem involvement. It presents with remission and exacerbation. The aim of our study was to study the pattern of Behcet's disease among patients attending the Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, SohagUniversity. Conclusion: Behcet's disease starts frequently around the beginning of the third decade and has a male predominance (70%). The age at diagnosis of Behcet's disease ranged from 19-59 years, with a mean of around 28.8 years. Most of the cases in our study were married (73.3%). It was found that the most common first manifestation in our study group was oral ulcers, followed by ocular manifestations, then CNS manifestations, articular or vascular manifestations and lastly genital ulcer or skin manifestations.
The widespread use of mobile phones has given rise to apprehension regarding the possible hazardous health effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on auditory function. We conducted a study to investigate the effects of long-term (>4 yr) exposure to EMFs emitted by mobile phones on auditory function. My study population was made up of 40 healthy medical students—31 men and 9 women, aged 20 to 30 years (mean 22.7). Of this group, 31 subjects typically held their phone to the right ear and 9 to the left ear; the non–phone-using ear served as each subject’s control ear. The phone-using subjects were also split into two groups of 20 based on the duration of their daily phone use (≤60 min vs. >60 min). All subjects underwent pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, impedance audiometry, and brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA), and comparisons were made between the phone-using ear and the control ear and between the shorter and longer duration of daily use. We found no statistically significant differences in high-frequency pure-tone average between the phone using ears and the control ears (p = 0.69) or between the shorter- and longer-duration phone-using ears (p = 0.85). Moreover, statistical analysis of BERA findings revealed no significant differences between the phone-using ears and the control ears in terms of wave I-III, III-V, and I-V interpeak latencies (p = 0.59, 0.74 and 0.44, respectively). None of the subjects reported any subjective symptoms, such as headache, tinnitus, or sensations of burning or warmth behind, around, or on the phone-using ear. I conclude that long-term exposure to EMFs from mobile phones does not affect auditory function.
Introduction: Wrist pain is a common clinical complaint. The most common causes of wrist pain are traumatic and non-traumatic abnormalities involving ganglia, avascular necrosis, and triangular fibrocartilage lesions. MRI serves as a problem-solving technique to assess the cause of wrist pain. It also plays an important prognostic role. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study is to highlight the value of MRI in the assessment of patients suffering from wrist joint pain. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study, conducted on fifty patients underwent an MRI examination (patients with painful wrist joint) during this period. Every patient with a normal MRI examination had been excluded from this study. All patients were performed MRI in the radiology department, Ain Shams University Hospital. The examination carried out after signing the informed consent by the patient himself or his guardian if the patient is incapacitated by any means. Results: The study included 50 patients (21 females and 29 males) ranged in age between 19-70 years with mean age 20-40 [30.90±11.38], 56.0% of the patient were between the age of 20-30 years Conclusion: MRI is the modality of choice in evaluating the painful wrist joint diseases due to its high soft-tissue contrast resolution, and multi-planar capabilities. It provides a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of wrist joint disease, which is often difficult to diagnose with alternative modalities. MRI is particularly advantageous for assessing soft tissue structures around the wrist such as tendons, ligaments, nerves, and fascia and for detecting occult bone injuries.
Background and study aim: Giardiasis is a gastrointestinal disease, caused by the protozoan parasites Giardia lamblia. Thisinfection occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water or food by Giardia lamblia cysts. The aim of this study was to correlate between the presence of Giardia lamblia and some physical measurements. Subjects and methods: the experimental study was performed at the laboratories of Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University from October 2016 to October 2017. It was done on 93 patients, who had Giardia from different localities in Sohag governorate after examination of stool samples by saline and iodine wet mount. History taking and some physical measurements, like weight and height, using a meter, a scale and growth charts were taken for cases included in this study. Results: There was a decrease in height, 50 (53.8%), weight for height, 49 (52.7%), body mass index, 45 (48.4%), and weight, 33 (35.5%), of cases with Giardia lamblia infection by different proportions.
Background: Aspartame is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners in over 90 countries worldwide in over 6000 products, including carbonated and powdered soft drinks, hot chocolate, chewinggum, candy, desserts, yogurt, and tabletop sweeteners, as well as some pharmaceutical products like vitamins and sugar-free cough drops. Aspartame has been shown to induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; most serious effects result from chronic exposure due to these effects. Also it shows organ and species toxicity with relation to the liver, kidney, brain, testis and other organs. The aim of this study is to spotlight on aspartame, the most widely used artificial sweetener regarding benefits and Hazards. This essay was conducted by reviewing the literature, researches, and textbooks dealing with aspartame. Conclusion: We found that aspartame is a good& beneficial artificial sweetener; FDA approved a safe daily dosage of 40 mg/kg/ day regarding diabetes and obesity. Harmful if used in larger doses regarding neurobehavioral, hepatic, testicular and other organ dysfunction, however it has no effects on breastfeeding or carcinogenic effects.Therfore, the role of physicians is to adjust the dose of aspartame to that which approved by FDA and do more clinical studies to detect more benefits and hazards.
Background: Aspartame is one of the most widely used artificial sweeteners. Aspartame has been shown to induce oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation; most serious effects result from chronic exposure due to these effects. Also, it shows organ and species toxicity with relation to the liver, kidney, brain, testis and other organs.The aim of this study is to spotlight on aspartame hazards on infertility& possible protective effects of vitamin C against these hazards.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and also the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family, which has been identified recently. Unlike other IAP proteins, survivin is generally not found in normal adult tissues but notably expressed in the most common human cancers including stomach, colorectal, lung and breast. In cancer cells, overexpression of survivin at both protein and mRNA levels is linked to genetic variant -31G/C in the survivin promoter. P53-Abs were discovered 20 years ago during the course of tumor-associated antigens screening. The discovery of p53 mutation and accumulation of p53 in human tumors shed new light on the p53 humoral response.The aim of work: investigate -31 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)of survivin promoter in breast cancer patients.Measurement of the level of p53 antibodies in them and detecting the association between it and the polymorphism also.Patients and methods: 100 subjects were enrolled in this study. All were women in the age between 40 and 65 (60 breast cancer cases and 40 control divided into two groups according to age: Group 1 ≤ 50 years (27.3 ± 4.87) and Group 2 > 50(24.83 ± 6.12).Results: Our study shows a significant difference in the prevalence of the survivin promoter polymorphism (–31G > C) between the case and control groups, P-value (P = 0.005*). Notably, the combined prevalence of the GC and CC genotypes (GC + CC), reflecting the prevalence of the C allele, was significantly greater in the breast cancer group than in the control group (P= 0.002*) with rates of 29% and 6%, respectively. These results imply that the C allele at position –31 in the promoter region of the survivin gene increases an individual’s susceptibility to breast cancer. Also, the risk of developing cancer was 4.05 times higher in patients with the GC or CC genotype (GC + CC) than in patients with the GG genotype, and this difference was statistically significant (95% CI: (1.48 – 11.09). Besides, in the breast cancer group, the GG genotype was present in 35 patients, whereas the GC + CC genotype was present in 25 patients. As regards the level of p53 antibodies, there was a significant difference (p=0.025) between cases (11.67±11.96) and controls (4.65 ± 0.48). But, no significant difference in the different genotypes of breast cancer patients(p=0.83).Conclusion Survivin promoter -31 G/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of developing breast cancer. C allele at position –31G/C in the promoter region of the survivin gene increases an individual’s susceptibility to breast cancer. As regards the level of p53 antibodies, there was a significant difference between cases and controls. But, no significant difference in the different genotypes of breast cancer patients.The presence of p53 Abs could be a useful marker to complement routine prognostic factors in breast cancer patients.
For more than 90 years ago Aortic valve-sparing operations had been performed, but only recently surgeons have been able to match the aortic root disorder to the operative procedure correctly The development of aortic valve-sparing operations (re-implantation of the aortic valve and remodeling of the aortic root) expanded the surgical issues for treating patients with aortic root dilation caused by a variety of disorders. Young adults with aortic root aneurysms associated with genetic syndromes are ideal candidates for re-implantation of the aortic valve, and the long-term results have been excellent. Incompetent bicuspid aortic valves with dilated aortic annuli are also satisfactorily treated with the same type of operation. Older patients with ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic insufficiency secondary to dilated sino-tubular junction and a normal aortic annulus can be treated with remodeling of the aortic root or with re-implantation of the aortic valve. Annular dilation is often present in patients with incompetent BAV, correction of annular dilation is important, and re-implantation of the aortic valve may be the best option. There is a variety of techniques for Cusp Repair, considered as one of the valve-sparing techniques. Aortic valve-sparing surgery is performed to prevent hazards of Prosthetic valve implantation which is the most widely used therapeutic option for aortic regurgitation (AR), but complications associated with prosthetic valves, with an incidence of 3–5% patient/year, and the need for anticoagulation in mechanical valves, force us to consider aortic valve repair as an alternative to the prosthetic implant, especially in young people with many potential years of life for these complications.Aim of the work: This paper aims to have a description of surgical and dynamic anatomy of the aortic root, pathological changes that may affect it and important investigation for proper diagnosis and surgical planning. Highlights for aortic valve-sparing operations and their modificationReview of Literature: Aortic valve-sparing (AVS) operations have become established alternatives to composite valve graft (CVG) procedures for patients with aortic root aneurysms and favorable aortic cusp morphology. The theoretical benefits of AVS procedures include avoiding the complications associated with prosthetic valves, specifically the risks of systemic thromboembolism and lifelong anticoagulation associated with mechanical valves.Summary: The development of aortic valve-sparing operations (re-implantation of the aortic valve and remodeling of the aortic root) expanded the surgical issues for treating patients with aortic root dilation caused by a variety of disorders.
Background and aim: Ascites in liver cirrhosis is associated with a poor prognosis and impairment of the quality of life. The clinical efficacy and safety of large-volume paracentesis in comparison to dialytic peritoneal ultrafiltration in the treatment of marked ascites were evaluated.Patients and methods: A total of 96 cirrhotic patients with marked ascites were divided into two groups: group I 48 patients treated with dialytic ultrafiltration group IIa 31 patients treated with LVP without albumin and IIb 17 patients treated with LVP plus albumin infusion.Results: Mean arterial pressure of patients in the studied groups show significant decrease immediately after the different procedures and start to rise within 24 hours and reach readings similar to those before ascites drainage especially with peritoneal ultrafiltration. Improvement in plasma albumin concentration has been reported after dialytic ultrafiltration. There is statistically significant decrease in serum creatinine after 48 hours of the different treatments. The average volume of ascites removed was (9.04 ± .04) in the dialytic ultrafiltration group versus (4.45 ± 0.51) in large volume paracentesis without albumin group and (6.06 ± 0.83) in large-volume paracentesis plus albumin infusion. After treatment all patients experienced a relief of ascites which is better with larger amounts of fluids removed as occurred in dialytic ultrafiltration group.Conclusion: Dialytic ultrafiltration is an effective and relatively safe alternative to large-volume paracentesis in the treatment of marked ascites in cirrhotic patients. Blood pressure is well maintained, kidney functions are preserved. Dialytic ultrafiltration has the advantages of cost and time saving and avoidance of blood-borne infection associated with intravenous transfusion of blood products such as albumin.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a rapidly emerging biomarker for early detection of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of sepsis on serum NGAL in critically ill children and to investigate whether the presence of sepsis affects the ability of serum NGAL to predict AKI. Sixty-eight patients, who met criteria of sepsis and related syndromes, were classified into two groups (septic shock and severe sepsis). They were reclassified regarding who developed AKI into AKI and non- AKI groups. Twenty sex and age-matched healthy subjects served as a control group. Serum NGAL was assayed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and serum creatinine was measured using the kinetic spectrophotometric method. Serum NGAL levels were significantly high in critically ill septic patients compared to healthy controls (median: 100.4ng/ml vs. 47.1 ng/ml, P>0.0001), and were significantly higher in septic shock (median 105.1ng/ml) than in severe sepsis (median 96ng/ml) with P values of 0.005. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of serum NGAL between AKI patients and non- AKI patients (P=0.3). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of serum NGAL for prediction of AKI in critically ill septic children showed an area under the curve (AUC) was 0.56 (95% C.I. =0.42-0.70) with an optimal cutoff value of 102.5ng/ml, sensitivity=56.2%, specificity 55.6%, PPV =52.9%, NPV =58.8%, and accuracy=55.9%. For serum creatinine, the AUC was 0.97 (95% C.I. =0.94- 1.00) with an optimal cutoff value of 0.6 mg/dl, sensitivity= 90.6%, specificity 91.7%, PPV=90.6%, NPV=91.7% and accuracy=91.2%. In conclusion, serum NGAL is raised in critically ill septic children and is a marker of bacterial infection and systemic inflammation. However, in AKI associated with sepsis, serum NGAL is not a specific biomarker for the prediction of AKI and it loses its early predictive property. In such patients, serum creatinine is more specific than serum NGAL.
Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill children admitted to the intensive care unit. The etiology of acute kidney injury is multifactorial and the incidence varies between 1 and 41% (Krishnamurthy, 2013) probably due to the different definitions used in clinical studies.Unfortunately, Serum Creatinine (the main acute kidney injury biomarker used in the clinical setting) is a late marker of reduced glomerular filtration rate, which limits the ability to detect acute kidney injury early and to initiate clinical therapeutic studies. Therefore, Diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of new biomarkers are currently weighed against creatinine-based criteria (Waikar et al., 2009). Several proteins and biochemical markers emerged as sensitive and specific biomarkers capable of the early detection of acute tubular injury (Devarajan, 2011). The most famous of these biomarkers is neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).
Objective: to determine :The different types of gynecologic pelvic or pelvic abdominal masses necessitating surgical intervention associated with increased CA125 levels.The relation between initial level of CA125 and histopathological nature of the mass.In malignant cases: relation between preoperative CA125 level and stage of the tumor.After surgery: whether decline in increased CA125 level occurs 6 months after surgery or not.Methods: The study was conducted during a period from April 2017 to April 2018.. IBM-SPSS ( version 24) was used for statistical data analysis.Results: The mean age of the study group was 44±11 years, with a range of 17-67 years.The most common surgical problem of our study group was myoma, present in 22 cases (37.3%). This was followed by simple serous cyst and endometrial carcinoma (8 cases each, 13.6%), then endometriotic cyst and mature cystic teratoma (6 cases each, 10.2%), then ovarian fibroma, ovarian cancer and endometrial hyperplasia (5 cases each, 8.5%), adenomyosis (3 cases, 5.1%) and lastly mucinous cystadenoma (one case, 1.7%).The mean CA125 of our study group had a mean of 38.6 U/ml, with a very high standard deviation of over 59 U/ml; reflected in the very wide range from 4.5 up to 446 U/ml.The highest mean level of CA125 was seen among patients with ovarian cancer (160.6 U/ml). This was followed by ovarian fibroma (57.5 U/ml), then adenomyosis (42.7 U/ml), endometriotic cyst (42.6 U/ml), simple serous cyst (22.2 U/ml), mucinous cystadenoma (22 U/ml), myoma (21.9 U/ml), endometrial carcinoma (20.2 U/ml) and lastly endometrial hyperplasia (17.6 U/ml).CA 125 level was normal in all cases of myoma, dermoid cyst, simple serous cyst, mucinous cystadenoma, endometrial hyperplasia, and endometrial carcinoma.CA125 elevated in all cases of ovarian cancer, endometriotic cyst, adenomyosis and elevated in 60% in cases of ovarian fibroma. Most cases of ovarian cancer (80%) had marked elevation in CA125 level (level >100 U/ml ) and the increase in CA125 level was more marked with increase staging of the cancer , all cases of endometriotic cyst had mild to moderate elevation in CA125 level which were > 100 U/ml , all cases of adenomyosis had mild elevation in CA125level which not more than 50 U/ ml, in cases of ovarian fibroma CA125 level were normal in about 40% of the cases and elevated in about 60% of the cases (40% had moderate elevation in CA125 level which was> 100 U/ml and 20% had marked elevation with CA125 level < 100 U/ml .).There was proportional relationship between CA125 level and ovarian cancer stage, mean CA125 level in stage I was 85.8 U/ml versus 372.3 U/ml in stage II ( P < 0.001).All cases of endometrial cancer early diagnosed in stage I had normal CA125 level (10.6 – 28.3 U/ml).All cases with preoperative elevated CA125 level, the level returned to the normal when repeated 6 months postoperatively, cases of ovarian cancer, CA125 level returned to the normal after receiving six cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively.Conclusion: CA125 is a simple and good screening test and should be routinely recommended for all cases of pelvic or pelvic abdominal masses before operative intervention, It helps to guess the diagnosis of ovarian cancer cases (it's level mostly >100 U/ml). It helps in the differential diagnosis between endometriotic cysts (elevated CA125 level ) and hemorrhagic ovarian and dermoid cysts (normal CA125 level ).It also helps in the differential diagnosis between uterine fibroids and adenomyosis being elevated in the latter.CA125 serum level can suggest the stage of ovarian cancer. In cases with elevated preoperative CA125 levels, it is expected that this level will normalize within 6 months postoperatively.
Background: Hair loss is a very common complaint. Patients may describe increased shedding and diffuse or localized alopecia. The differential diagnosis of hair loss includes a number of disorders causing cicatricial or noncicatricial alopecias.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the most common causes of hair loss among patients who attended hair clinic at Sohag university hospital.patients and methods: This study included 100 patients who attended the hair clinic, dermatology department at Sohag University Hospital between June 2018 to October 2018. The data entry was done by using Microsoft Excel, while the analysis was done by using SPSS version 23.Results: In this study we found that androgenetic alopecia was the most common cause of hair loss in our studied population(45%) followed by in descending manner alopecia areata (26%), telogen effluvium (14), tractional alopecia (7%), lichen planopilaris (5%) and trichotillomania (3%). Conclusion: Androgenetic alopecia is the most common cause of hair loss among patients who attended the hair clinic at Sohag university hospital.
Background: Nail abnormalities were frequently associated with liver diseases. Early detection of these nail changes may help to initiate early treatment and reduce serious complications, sequelae, morbidity, and mortality of chronic liver diseases.Objective: To record the frequency and patterns of nail changes in patients with chronic liver diseases.Patients and methods: The study included 1000 patients who attended the Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology department in Sohag University Hospital, between October 2017 and October 2018 with clinical and/ or laboratory diagnosis of liver diseases. A full nail examination was performed.Results: In this study, nail changes are found in the majority of patients with liver diseases (80.5% ). White nails were the commonest abnormality noted followed by longitudinal striations, terry's nails, brittle nails, clubbing, flat nails, and onychomycosis.Conclusion: Nail abnormalities are common with liver cirrhosis as well as with HCV and HBV infections. The cause of these changes remains unknown; it may be as a consequence of decreased cell-mediated immunity, immunosuppression, iron deficiency, anemia or old age, but not that of the virus itself. It is important for the clinicians to understand and examine carefully the nails for color, texture, thickness, and curvature to reach a prompt and early diagnosis of patients with liver disease.
Aim of the Work: to assess the role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a non-invasive diagnostic modality in adult patients with the non-traumatic painful hip joint.Patients and Methods: This study was conducted on 60 adult patients with non-traumatic hip pain, referred from the outpatient orthopedic clinic, Ain Shams University hospitals. The patients were investigated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All MR imaging examinations were conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis of the Ain shams University with the same 1.5-T unit (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) with a body coil.Results: avascular necrosis is the commonest cause of bilateral hip pain (25%) of the study patients followed by osteoarthritis (11.7%), while unilateral hip pain is commonly caused by stress fractures (8.3%), isolated joint effusion (10%) and tendinopathies (3.3%). Other causes included Marrow edema with hip effusion, chronic anemic state, migratory osteoporosis, osteoid osteoma, bursitis, bone infarcts, osseous hemangioma, hemosiderosis, sacroiliitis, femoral-acetabular impingement, iliacus abscess, and bone marrow edema. Magnetic resonance imaging doesn’t only demonstrate disorders of hip joint only; it also gives an accurate assessment of other extra-articular causes of referred hip pain as degenerative disc diseases and pelvic conditions.Conclusion: Magnetic resonance is the best imaging modality to assess hip joint in non-traumatic cases. It has a great ability to diagnose disorders of bone, cartilage, ligaments, muscles and soft tissue. MRI can also detect joint effusion and bone marrow edema.
Background: Epilepsy and headache are the two most common neurologic disorders affecting individuals of all ages worldwide. The relation between headache and epilepsy is complicated, and the comorbidity of headache and epilepsy is still poorly understood.Aim of the work: Study of headache characteristics in controlled and uncontrolled epileptic patients.Methods: We evaluated headaches in 100 consecutive patients with epilepsy attending the outpatient clinic and epilepsy clinic at Sohag university hospital and performed interictal EEG to all patients.Results: In our study we found that the occurrence of headaches being linked to longer duration of epilepsy, high frequency of seizures and use of polytherapy of antiepileptics.Conclusion: Control of seizures in epileptic patients help in controlling headaches and decrease its frequency.
Excision and end-to-end anastomosis (EPA) has been the preferred urethroplasty technique for short bulbar strictures and is associated with an excellent functional outcome. Driven by concerns over the potential morbidity associated with dividing the urethra, therefore compromising spongiosal blood flow, as well as spongiofibrosis being superficial in the majority of non-traumatic bulbar strictures, the nontransectingtechnique for bulbar urethroplasty has been developed with the aim of achieving the same success as EPA without the morbidity associated with the transaction. This manuscript highlights the fundamental principles underlying the ongoing debate—transaction or non-transection of the strictured bulbar urethra? The potential advantages of avoiding dividing the corpus spongiosum of the urethra are discussed. The non-transecting anastomotic procedure together with its various modifications is described in detail. Our experience with this technique is presented. Non-transecting excision of spongiofibrosis with preservation of well vascularised underlying spongiosum provides an excellent alternative to dividing the urethra during urethroplasty for short non-traumatic proximal bulbar stricture.
Background: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases with age, obesity, and physical inactivity. Type 2 Diabetes shows strong familial aggregation, so that persons with a parent or sibling with the disease are at increased risk, as are individuals with obesity, hypertension, or dyslipidemia and women with a history of gestational diabetes. (1)Objective: changes in type 2 diabetes risk factors among employees of the aluminum company of Egypt in the last three years.Patient & Method: The subjects were requisitioned by using(FINDRISC) score system that includes; age, diet, physical activity, vegetable& fruit intake, medical history of anti-diabetic medication or antihypertensive medication, history of previous elevation blood sugar, and family history of diabetes. The subjects were examined for body mass index and waist circumference.Results: The changes in the total risk results were highly significant (p-value <0.001) that there were 49 from 787 employees who had increased their risk of developing diabetes. the possible estimated factors that responsible for increased risk of type 2 diabetes were 7 from the previous 8 factors the only exception was waist circumference.Conclusion: The most independent factors in increasing risk among the employees were the changes in physical activity, followed by the use of antihypertensive therapy, the past history of elevation of blood sugar, then a positive family history of DM and lastly BMI.
Objective: The aim of this prospective observational study is to assess the accuracy of Doppler indices of umbilical and middle cerebral especially fetal middle cerebral artery/umbilical artery pulsatility index ratio during the third trimester in predicting acidemia and low Apgar score at 5 minutes after birth in neonates of women with preeclampsia. To provide basis for use of Doppler tests in directing treatment protocol for preeclamptic patients.Methods: Study design: Cohort observational study among women with preeclampsia.Study setting: One hundred cases who were at 32 to 40 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia(from March 2017 to March 2018) attended antenatal clinic and emergency room at obstetrics and gynecology department, faculty of medicine, Sohag University Hospital. Ultrasound was performed at fetal care unit at Sohag University Hospital.Results: This observational cross-sectional study was designed to assess Doppler indices of umbilical artery as predictor of neonatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia.A total 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia were recruited in the studyConclusion: We recommend adding MCA (PI)/ UA (PI) ratio to routine antepartum fetal surveillance from 32 weeks gestation for women with preeclampsia as there is a strong correlation between it and poor neonatal outcomes.
Objective: The aim of this prospective observational study is to assess the accuracy of Doppler indices of uterine artery during the third trimester in predicting poor fetal outcome in women with preeclampsia.Methods: Study design: Cohort observational study among women with preeclampsia.Study setting: One hundred cases who were at 32 to 40 weeks of gestation with preeclampsia(from March 2017 to March 2018) attended antenatal clinic and emergency room at obstetrics and gynecology department, faculty of medicine, Sohag University Hospital. Ultrasound was performed at the fetal care unit at Sohag University Hospital.Results: This observational cross-sectional study was designed to assess Doppler indices of uterine artery as predictor of neonatal outcomes among women with preeclampsia.A total of 100 pregnant women with preeclampsia were recruited in the studyConclusion: We recommend adding mean uterine artery Doppler indices to routine antepartum fetal surveillance from 32 weeks gestation for women with preeclampsia as there is a strong correlation between it and poor neonatal outcomes.
background: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a group of hematological neoplasia that accounts for 25% of childhood cancers and up to 75% of childhood leukemia. Hyperglycemia is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy that affects survival rates in adults, aim of this study is to show the effect of chemotherapy-related hyperglycemia on the response to treatment as remission conditions in children with ALL.Patients and methods: prospective study carried out in the Clinical Pathology Department of Sohag Oncology Center and Sohag University Hospital, on total 109 patients in addition to 20 healthy children as control group the study depends on measuring random blood glucose level before, during and after induction chemotherapy and comparing the response of bone marrow at the end of induction between hyperglycemic patients (random blood glucose ≥200 mg /dl) and euglycemic patients (random blood glucose within normal values).Results: patients developed hyperglycemia was 33 (30.3%) while patients with euglycemia were 76 (69.7%) and according to the remission state after induction chemotherapy, 99 patients (90.8%) had achieved complete remission state while 10 patients (9.2%) had no remission, 60% of patients with no remission were hyperglycemic during the induction period, and 26 (78,8%) of the 33 hyperglycemic patients aged ≥10years.Conclusion: hyperglycemia affects the rate of complete remission in ALL children during induction chemotherapy and its incidenceis higher in the age group≥10 years old
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is endemic in Egypt. Over 15% of populations of the people in Egypt are infected, this is ten times greater than in any other country in the world. To validate a simple, inexpensive, non invasive markers (Fib-4, APRI, syndecan-1 and apolipoprotein A-1(ApoA-1) for detection of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic HCV and thereby reduce the need for liver biopsy. Estimation of serum syndecan-1 and apoA-1 by ELISA were done on 20 normal healthy persons and 57 chronic hepatitis C patients, the patients were staged according to liver biopsies (Metavir fibrosis staging) (stage f1=15, f2=15, f3=14,f4= 13). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of syndecan-1=(0.72), the mean level of plasma syndecan-1 was significantly higher in chronic HCV patients when compared to control subjects (P=0.0008), but the mean level of ApoA-1 was not significantly different from that of controls (p=o.65), and it had significant negative correlation to the stage of fibrosis (AUC=0.57). Moreover the APRI and Fib-4 were proved significantly directly correlated with fibrosis stage of the studied patients. This study not reveals putative biomarkers of liver fibrosis (syndecan-1, ApoA-1 APRI, Fib-4) but also proves the differential expression of those markers in different stages of fibrosis. It is expected that combination of these novel biomarkers could be applied clinically to predict the stage of liver fibrosis without the need of liver biopsy. Copyright © 2015 Nagwa S. Ahmed et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.