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500 cells/mm3 without radiographic evidence of pneumonia or a contiguous infection process on chest radiography. RESULTS: the frequency of spontaneous bacterial empyema among cirrhotic patients with hepatic hydrothorax was 19% (19 out of 100 cirrhotic patients). CONCLUSION: SBEM was recognized in 19% of cirrhotic patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax. So, it is a frequent but underdiagnosed complication of hepatic hydrothorax and has a poor prognosis. ]]>
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72 pg/ml), with mean PTH = 481.92 ± 608.05, and this is the prevalence rate of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the study population. The serum PTH levels were higher even in early stages of CKD and the higher values are directly related to the stage of CKD. In the study, Serum phosphorus was found to be significantly positively correlated to PTH both in the total study population and in patients with hyperparathyroidism.The PTH was found to be significantly negatively correlated with serum total and ionized calcium of the patients, both in the total study population and in patients with hyperparathyroidism.Also the findings of this study as regard echocardiography in CKD patients;Left ventricular dysfunction was the commonest cardiovascular abnormality. LVH was the most common echocardiographic abnormality in CKD cases. Diastolic function was deranged in more number of patients as compared to systolic function in patients with CKD. Conclusion: The estimation of serum PTH and other biochemical parameters can help to diagnose the secondary hyperparathyroidism in the early stage of CKD which inturn has advantage to manage the patients of CKD accordingly to prevent the future complications.]]>
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0.05) . As regard complications, in our study fewer complications occurred after removal of both devices ; as coughing in two cases (8%) in LMA group compared with six cases (28%) in ETT group, two cases (2%) had straining in LMA group compared with seven cases (28%) in ETT group ,one case (4%) had laryngospasm in ETT group with no significant difference between the two groups (p. value>0.05), also we noticed that complications as airways trauma, aspiration and gas leakage didn’t occur. Conclusion:Laryngeal Mask Airway was better than endotracheal intubation when used as a conduit for airway management; it had less hemodynamic responses and changes in the IOP.]]>
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